Las plataformas digitales de servicios de transporte de personas y de entrega de comidas, como Uber, Hugo y Glovo, empezaron sus servicios en América Central hace algunos años. A pesar de esto, su dinámica y efectos es un campo bastante inexplorado en nuestros países.
Según estudios conducidos por la FES en Honduras y Costa Rica, se encontró que miles de personas trabajan para estas empresas empujados por la necesidad y el desempleo, ya que es una alternativa de empleo de fácil acceso en cuanto a experiencia y habilidades requeridas. Estas plataformas catalogan a sus “colaboradores” como trabajadores independientes y niegan la existencia de una relación laboral, ya que esto disminuye los costos y aumenta las ganancias de las empresas, pero la realidad es que las personas que trabajan ahí lo hacen bajo condiciones de precarización laboral en cuanto a ingresos, inestabilidad y desprotección social. Adicionalmente, el trabajador hace uso de sus propios medios de trabajo sin que sean debidamente retribuidos o indemnizados por eso. La economía de plataformas opera en un terreno normativo difuso, y este vacío legal para regular las relaciones laborales entre plataformas digitales y sus trabajadores conduce a trabajos informales y precarios que dejan a las personas en condición de desprotección y vulnerabilidad.
Desde la FES se analiza el impacto de estas plataformas laborales, para encontrar los puntos más sensibles en cuanto a la precarización laboral y se propone estrategias para la transformación de las relaciones laborales hacia el trabajo decente. La FES en Honduras realizó un estudio sobre las plataformas de entrega Hugo y Glovo y la FES en Costa Rica hizo un estudio sobre la plataforma de transporte de personas Uber.
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